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AP Calculus AB/BC
cos^2(x) refers to squaring (multiplying by itself) the cosine function with angle x. This results in values ranging from 0 to 1 inclusively since cosine oscillates between -1 and 1.
A function that relates angles to ratios of side lengths in triangles.
A function that combines two or more functions, where the output of one function becomes the input for another.
The set of all possible input values for a given function.